The officers who prosecuted Dreyfus genuinely believed that he was the spy. They quickly converged on this high-ranking officer named Alfred Dreyfus, who was the only Jewish member in the top ranks of the French army. The French army realized they had a spy in their ranks and launched an investigation. A memo was found in a wastebasket written by someone in the French army, addressed to the Germans, divulging a bunch of top-secret military plans. So in the late 19th century in France there was what’s called the Dreyfus Affair. He’s a kind of loathsome guy in some ways, but admirable in others. You have a lot of examples of “scout mindset” in the book, and one of my favorites was the French Colonel Georges Picquart in the late 19th, early 20th century. It’s a different way of thinking about what to believe or thinking about what’s true. I call this “soldier mindset,” and “scout mindset” is an alternative to that. We try to “shoot down” opposing arguments and we try to “poke holes” in the other side. We try to “shore up” our beliefs, “support them” and “buttress them” as if they’re fortresses. I adopted this term because the way that we talk about reasoning in the English language is through militaristic metaphor. Rationalization, motivated reasoning, wishful thinking: these are all facets of what I’m calling a soldier mindset. It’s my term for the motivation to see things as they are and not as you wish they were, being or trying to be intellectually honest, objective, or fair minded, and curious about what’s actually true.īy default, a lot of the time we humans are in what I call “soldier mindset,” in which our motivation is to defend our beliefs against any evidence or arguments that might threaten them. The latter option requires some training and experience, so your primary care doctor may also refer you to an ear, nose, and throat doctor.Walk me through what you mean by “scout mindset.” What does it mean to have it? How do you know if you have it? Julia Galef He or she may be able to more effectively irrigate your ear canal, or to manually remove an earwax blockage. If you’ve tried eardrops and/or irrigation, but can’t shake the itchiness, pain, or feelings of fullness in your ears, or you’re still experiencing tinnitus or muffled hearing, visit your primary care doctor. For these reasons, the Food and Drug Administration has warned consumers against using ear candles. And it carries significant risks, including burning yourself with the lit candle. The problem? Studies of the process have found that any wax drawn out is simply melted wax from the candle itself. This supposedly creates suction through the tube that draws out earwax. This home remedy involves inserting a long, hollow tube, made of fabric soaked in beeswax or paraffin, into your ear, and lighting the other end on fire. ![]() “The cerumen gets trapped, and prevents the ear drum from moving.” That impedes the normal movement of sound through the ear, leading to temporary hearing loss.Īvoid ear candling. For instance, by using cotton swabs, “you’re pushing back the cerumen all the way to the eardrum,” he says. They can also be counterproductive, Maison says. These can all cause serious ear injuries, including eardrum perforation. ![]() Resist the temptation to insert cotton-tipped swabs, hair pins, paper clips, or any other foreign object, into your ears. (But talk with your doctor before using any OTC method if you’ve ever had ear surgery or a perforated eardrums.) ![]() These OTC kits usually include a bulb syringe or another type of ear syringe, along with ear drops. Another recommended method: softly flushing your ears with fluid, using an ear irrigation kit. Look for products labeled for clearing or removing ear wax.įlush it out gently. ![]() A 2018 analysis by the independent Cochrane collaboration found that ear drops may be helpful for clearing out cerumen, but that no specific type of ear drop worked better than others. Over-the-counter (OTC) ear drops, either oil- or water-based, may soften cerumen, making it easier for it to work its way out of your ear on its own. If you want to get rid of some of your earwax, consider the following:Ĭheck out drugstore eardrops. And several common removal methods-such as using cotton-tipped swabs or ear candles-can do harm, but no good. Unless excessive earwax is causing problems for you-pain, reduced hearing, or any of the other problems mentioned above-you can leave it alone.īut many people consider removing the wax a regular part of their hygiene routine.
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